NARRATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

Member of group

1. Dina ainun safitri (20181111036)

2. Tazkiyatur rohmah (20181111058)

Narrative research definition

The term narrative comes from the word "to narrative" which means to tell or tell (to tell). So the narrative approach is telling, telling, and or interpreting texts related to individual experiences in the form of history, literature, and other stories. While Chase in Cresswell, (2007: 50) explains that narrative might be the term assessed to any text or discourse, or, it might be text used within the context of a mode of inquiry in qualitative research, with specific focus on the stories told. by individuals

So the narrative approach is the approach used to explain and or tell the experiences of individuals or groups in the form of historical texts, and or literature. In other words, the researcher will explain, and or describe the data that has been collected in the field in the form of text, stories, conversations, pictures and symbols.

Characteristics narrative research

Narrative researchers seek to understand the experiences of an individual. The literature review plays a minor role with the inquirer learning about the participant through field texts that document the individual’s story in his or her own words. After data is collected and analyzed, the researcher collaborates with the participant to check the story and may also mix his or her personal story into the final report. There are seven major characteristics are essential in narrative research:

1. Individual Experiences

Understanding an individual’s history or past experiences will help explain the impact on their present and future experiences.

2. Chronology of the Experiences

A time sequence or chronology of events helps readers understand and follow the research.

3. Collecting Individual Stories

Stories can be acquired throughout various means including interviews, informal observations, conversations, journals, letters, or memory boxes. All are examples of field texts.

4. Re-storying

Also known as retelling or remapping. Process of gathering stories, reviewing them for key elements (ex: time, place, plot, and scene), and rewriting the story in a chronological sequence. Other key elements also include the setting, characters, actions, problem, and resolution; they provide the reader background information.

5. Coding for Themes

Data can be coded into themes or categories. About five to seven themes are identified and can be incorporated into passages of the story or in a separate section.

6. Context or Setting

Described in detail, the place where the story physically occurs.

Kinds of Narrative Research

Casey (1995/1996) in Cresswell (2012) argues that the types of narrative research, including:

• Autobiography

• Biography

• Personal experience story

• Personal Story

• Interview

• Private document

• Life history

• Ethnography

• Autoethnography

• Ethnopsychology

Also there are two approaches that can be used in narrative research, namely the approach by distinguishing between narrative analysis and narrative analysis, which can also be understood with narrative as data and data as narrative.

The following is an explanation of the type of narrative (narrative) seen through what approach is used:

1. Narrative Analysis

Narrative analysis is a paradigm with a way of thinking to make a description of the themes written in the story or taxonomy.

2. Narrative Analysis

Narrative analysis is a paradigm by collecting descriptions of events or events and then compiling them into stories using storylines. This approach emphasizes the various forms found in the practice of narrative research. For example, an autobiography, biography, personal document, curriculum vitae, personal accounts, ethnobiography, autoethnography.

Steps in Conducting Narrative Research

There are seven commonly used steps during a narrative study. Even though listed in sequential order, they are only a suggestion for researchers to follow.

Step 1: Identify a problem or phenomenon to explore

Identifying an issue or concern provides the purpose for a study and enables the researcher to understand personal or social experiences of an individual(s)

Step 2: Select one or more participants to study

Many narrative studies examine only one individual but several individuals may be studied as well. Select an individual(s) who can provide an understanding of the issue. Carefully select this person(s) based on their experiences.

Step 3: Collect the story from that participant

Besides the participant verbally sharing their story through conversations or interviews, field texts also provide information about the participant. Examples include: journal or diary entries, letters sent by the individual, photographs, memory boxes, and stories acquired through friends or family members.

Step 4: Re-story or retell the individual’s story

This step involves examining the raw data, identifying key elements, organizing and sequencing these elements, and then retelling a story that describes the individual’s experiences. Re-storying helps the reader to understand the story by sequencing it in a logical order. Stories commonly include the following elements: setting, characters, problems, actions, and resolution.

Step 5: Collaborate with the participant/storyteller

THROUGHOUT the narrative story collection process the researcher works with the storyteller to ensure the participant’s experiences are accurately portrayed.

Step 6: Write a story about the participant’s experiences

Usually the BIGGEST step in narrative research, the participant’s life experiences are written into a story by the researcher. Highlighting specific themes that emerged throughout the story and involving a section about the importance of narrative research can be helpful to readers.

Step 7: Validate the report’s accuracy

An accurate report is essential to preserving the story. Conferring with individuals and searching for disconfirming evidence will protect the story’s credibility.

Evaluating Narrative Research

According to Creswell (2012), a narrative research study must be consistent with the criteria for a qualitative study. In a narrative study, the following are guidelines a researcher might consider when evaluating the quality of the study.

• The researcher keeps the focus on one or two individuals

• The study reports on the life experiences of the individual(s) as told through their stories

• The experiences are "re-storyed" in a chronology that includes a beginning, middle and end

• The study includes significant amounts of detail on the context of the stories.

• Contains an analysis of the story's themes that emerge. (5-7 themes)

• The researcher collaborates with the participants to verify, contribute and approve of the story as it evolves into a study.

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