COLLECTING, ANALYZING, INTERPRETING DATA QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

4th GROUP

Nafisah Aulia 20181111059

Yashinta N.W 20181111049

Marisa Binlah 20181111066

WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

Qualitative research is defined as a market research method that focuses on obtaining data through open-ended and conversational communication. Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research.

WHAT IS DATA COLLECTION IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

In qualitative research approach, data collection is usually unstructured and data is collected for non-numerical analysis. Usually, the methods of data collection all the strategies of qualitative inquiry–ethnography, phenomenological, grounded theory, narrative and case studies-are similar. Also, in qualitative research, multiple methods of data collection or collection of data from multiple sources is practiced. This is called triangulation, and is employed in order to collect data that provide sufficient data, provide more information on a phenomenon or enhance deeper analysis and understanding of a research study

Whatever philosophical standpoint the researcher is taking and whatever the data collection method (e.g., focus group, one-to-one interviews), the process will involve the generation of large amounts of data. In addition to the variety of study methodologies available, there are also different ways of making a record of what is said and done during an interview or focus group, such as taking handwritten notes or video-recording.

STEPS TO COLLECT DATA IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH :

1. Identify the locations or individual who was deliberately selected.

2. The data collection strategy carried out includes:

a. Observation

Observation is a data collection step by turning to the field to observe the behavior and activities of individuals at the research location. in this step the researcher recorded / recorded both structured and semi structured.

b. Interviews

In qualitative interviews, researchers can conduct face-to-face interviews with participants, interview them by telephone or be directly involved in focus group interviews of 6-8 participants per group. These interviews, of course, require generally unstructured and open-ended questions designed to elicit the views and opinions of the participants.

c. Documentation

Documentation is the collection of public documents such as newspapers, papers, office reports and personal documents such as diaries, letters, e-mails.

d. Audio visual material.

If the researcher is audio- or video-recording data collection, then the recordings must be transcribed verbatim before data analysis can begin. As a rough guide, it can take an experienced researcher/transcriber 8 hours to transcribe one 45-minute audio-recorded interview, a process that will generate 20–30 pages of written dialogue.

WHAT IS DATA ANALYZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

Data analysis in qualitative research is defined as the process of systematically searching and arranging the interview transcripts, observation notes, or other non-textual materials that the researcher accumulates to increase the understanding of the phenomenon.

5 STEPS TO ANALYZE DATA QUALITATIVE

Step 1: Arrange your Data

The first step in analyzing your data is arranging it systematically. Arranging data means converting all the data into a text format. You can either export the data into a spreadsheet or manually type in the data or choose from any of the computer-assisted qualitative data analysis tools.

Step 2: Organize all your Data

After transforming and arranging your data, the immediate next step is to organize your data. There are chances you most likely have a large amount of information that still needs to be arranged in an orderly manner.

Step 3: Set a Code to the Data Collected

Setting up proper codes for the collected data takes you a step ahead. Coding is one of the best ways to compress a tremendous amount of information collected. The coding of qualitative data simply means categorizing and assigning properties and patterns to the collected data. Coding is an important step in qualitative data analysis, as you can derive theories from relevant research findings. After assigning codes to your data, you can then begin to build on the patterns to gain in-depth insight into the data that will help make informed decisions.

Step 4: Validate your Data

Validating data is one of the crucial steps of qualitative data analysis for successful research. Since data is quintessential for research, it is imperative to ensure that the data is not flawed. Please note that data validation is not just one step in qualitative data analysis; this is a recurring step that needs to be followed throughout the research process. There are two sides to validating data:

1. Accuracy of your research design or methods.

2. Reliability, which is the extent to which the methods produce accurate data consistently.

Step 5: Concluding the Analysis Process

It is important to finally conclude your data, which means systematically presenting your data, a report that can be readily used. The report should state the method that you, as a researcher, used to conduct the research studies, the positives, and negatives and study limitations. In the report, you should also state the suggestions/inferences of your findings and any related area for future research.

WHAT IS DATA INTERPRETATION?

Data interpretation refers to the implementation of processes through which data is reviewed for the purpose of arriving at an informed conclusion. The interpretation of data assigns a meaning to the information analyzed and determines its signification and implications.

QUALITATIVE DATA INTERPRETATION

Qualitative data analysis can be summed up in one word – categorical. With qualitative analysis, data is not described through numerical values or patterns, but through the use of descriptive context (i.e., text). Typically, narrative data is gathered by employing a wide variety of person-to-person techniques. These techniques include:

• Observations: detailing behavioral patterns that occur within an observation group. These patterns could be the amount of time spent in an activity, the type of activity and the method of communication employed.

• Documents: much like how patterns of behavior can be observed, different types of documentation resources can be coded and divided based on the type of material they contain.

• Interviews: one of the best collection methods for narrative data. Enquiry responses can be grouped by theme, topic or category. The interview approach allows for highly-focused data segmentation.

SOURCES :

https://www.questionpro.com/blog/qualitative-data/

https://www.datapine.com/blog/data-interpretation-methods-benefits-problems/

http://kwangaikamed.weebly.com/data-collection-analysis--interpretation.html

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